IP Addressing Tutorial-Network Address, Mask (Interactive, Visual Animation 3)

Q1. What is network address?
Answer: we are not able to view the network and host addresses in two ways:
1) the domain name and Host-ID

An IP address is made of two components on the left side of the domain name, the right side is the host identifier.

For example, if 100 100.3.4.5 is the domain name, then the host ID for 3.4.5 If 100.3 is the domain name, 4.5 is the host identifier.

2) network address and the host address. see now two examples:

The IP address of the network account the host network address of the host address mask
100.4.5.6/8 100 4.5.6 100.0.0.0 100.4.5.6/8
150.1.2.3 150.1.2.3/16 150.1.0.0 150.1.2.3/16
Note: the network mask is presented as a meal,/m is m 2-digit decimal number between 8 ~ 31.
Note: IP addresses, network and host usually provides.

Q2. constraint properties
The answer to THE IP network mask. use 32-bit IP address for the domain name and host ID to fragment the network address of the domain name bits to the left and right of 0 bytes.

For example, 150.1.2.3/16, for 16 is the network mask 150.1 the network ID, 150.1.0.0/16 is the network address, host ID, 3 2 150.1.2.3/16 is the address of the host address is used for network routers packages.Host address is used to distinguish the isänniltä on the same network.

Q3. Why does the network addresses?
Answer: when the numbers are too many, we use a hierarchical structure to manage them.For example, a structure as a phone number.

For example, there are a number of the people's Republic of China, 086.021.1234.5678 Shanghais. the voice mail message is then switched to the country and city code prefix.Structured telephone numbers are much easier to navigate than flat 10-digit phone numbers.

The Internet is facing a similar situation is almost 4.. 2 billion addresses (IP is 32 bits. or 2 ^ 32 individual addresses.)Routers use the foreword to the packet routing tables.Obviously it is much easier to deal with the systematic addresses as router 4 billion flat ones.

IP solution is to use the network address forward packets, not individual comments. network mask share the address of the network ID and host ID. routing table to network addresses, not IP addresses.

For example,
-Network 100.0.0.0/8 is 16,777,216.The routing table, (100.0.0.0/8, the next-hop interface) says: the same forward packets to the destination network to join the same with the next item.
-Network 150.1.0.0/16 of 65 536. the routing table, (150.1.0.0/16, next-hop interface) to keep passing to 65,536 individual addresses 150.1.0.0/16 on the network.
-Network 150.1.0.0/16 is 65,536 addresses the routing table, (150.1.0.0/16, next-hop interface) to keep passing to 65,536 individual 150.1.0.0/16 network address.
-222.111.44.0/24 256 IP-addresses. the routing table, (222.111.44.0/24, next-hop interface) 256 IP addresses of network 222.111.44.0 nexthop to join forward.

Q4. how this mask digits?
Response., in the same way as To mask the IP address for example.
/8 shall be adopted in accordance with the 255.0.0.0.
/255.255.0.0, shall be adopted in accordance with 16.
/255.255.255.0 is presented as a meal, 24

Q5. Why is the mask length is more than 8 but?
Answer: this is the deal with two types of systems: the IP addresses and Classless. what you are up to now it has a classful address we talked. Classless IP address use any length mask. for more information, see the following tutorials.

IP Addressing the basics tutorial-why the IP-address is required? (An interactive animation 1)

This is the first IP address of the tutorial series. It keeps track of how Internet passes the packets, network address, Classful and aliverkkoihin.

Q1 why IP address is missing?
Answer: the network connected to the phone Phones voice messages to be exchanged. All of the phone is set to a unique number.
The Internet is similar to the telephone network. IP stands for Internet Protocol. It defines the rules for the digital Internet messages to be exchanged.The computers are connected to the Internet to move messages to a smaller packages. For each computer with a unique IP address., each packet is marked in the source address and destination address.The destination address in the Internet use to pass the packets to the destination item in the source address to use.

Q2.What IP address structure?
Answer: it contains 32 bits, or four bytes (8 bits per byte). It is usually presented 4 decimal numbers, such as a.b.c.d. Each decimal place is connected to a byte.Each decimal is 0 ~ 255.
Jack's address can be, for example, present in two ways:
-Four decimal number 100.4.5.6, or
-32-bit binary number 01100100.00000100.00000101.00000110

Q3 how many IP addresses?
Answer: approximately 4.2 billion ECU (2 ^ 32 = 4, 294, 967, 296.)It looks like a lot but it is not.Internet addresses are in short supply in the beginning of the .1980 is designed for 32-bit address is known as IPv4. Later one is called IPv6 128-bit address.

Q4. What is the Internet?
Answer: Simplified definition is that the Internet is a series of routers, that connects computers and provides inter-computer communication services. Google allows you to find the "Internet", you will find a lot of good tutorials.

Q5. how the Internet will deliver messages on your computer?
Answer: the Internet has undergone a number of routers. Router has the address of the person to be included in the packages in the package labels of the network.

IP Addressing tutorial-how to use the Internet to pass the packets? (An interactive animation 2)

Q1. What is the Internet and the relationship between routers?
Answer: the first now behold, what is the Internet?Computers will be able to exchange messages, connect to the Internet is sent from one computer to another. When computer-Internet receiving the message, you need to find out how to deliver to.
Next, how the Internet give messages? The Internet is routers and protocols.Routers are hardware-device to one task: redirect packets. Protocols are the rules that decide to forward packets paths.Routers and Internet protocols must be able to move between messages.

Q2. what router?
Answer: the router is a network device that forwards packets to their destinations by the per-item. it points out how mail mails processing premises.
Is the sender's and recipient's addresses.The postal Office uses e-mail messages are delivered to the following postal Office, which is closer to that of the receiver is delivered to the recipient's address. Mail Stop after more than one recipient.
-Computer messages are transported in a package called into smaller parts. Each packet contains the sender's IP address and the recipient's IP address. Routers use the package recipient address to deliver the next-hop router that is closer to the target. The package will be delivered to more than one Stop after the recipient.

Q3.How to connect hosts and routers?
Answer: the hosts from a local network connected to the Internet Gateway routers, the gateway router. is connected to the core routers.The Internet has made many gateway routers and core routers in the middle of the border.Gateway routers often use a variety of different types of interface technologies and security features. Core routers to focus forward packets at high speed.Routers use the routing table for forwarding packets decisions. Topology has clear companion aniation.

Q4. routing table properties
Answer: the Routing table is router core data structure.It contains (destination address, the next item in the interface). When the router receives the packet, it uses the package recipient address compare routing table destination addresses.If a match is found, the router sends the packet to the "next hop" to the interface. If a match is not found, the router will drop the packet.

For example, the R1 's routing table contains 3 entries:
-(100.4.5.6, Port1). It means to forward packets to join 100.4.5.6 Port1.
-(150.1.2.3, Port2). It is to forward packets to join Port2 150.1.2.3.
-(222.111.44.33, Port2).It means to forward packets to join Port2 222.111.44.33.

Q5.How to build the routing tables?
Answer: this Is to build the routing tables in two ways:
(A)) static routing table.The network administrator configure the routing table for each router manually.It was common for 20 years ago, when the number of routers is small.
B) dynamic routing table.Routers use routing protocols to find a network topology, routing paths and execution shall be calculated in the routing paths.Two popular routing protocols are the OSPF and RIP.See simulations OSPF and RIP.

Q6. how big is the routing table?
Answer: approximately 4.2 billion IP addresses (an IP address is 32 bits. 2 ^ 32 is approximately 4.2 billion.)Have more than one routing table can hold. non-multiple routes.

This animation we want readers of the main ideas and use routers individual IP addresses Actually routing tables use the routing tables. network address, not a single IP address for more information, please go to the next tutorial..

Q7. what network address?
Answer: the network address is similar to a ZIP Code/postal code. the same zip code has thousands of street addresses. Mail your mail to sort their postal code, and emails are delivered to the next hop to him, the last post office, e-mail, zip/postal code. shall be forwarded to the street addresses.

Routers forward packets to the destination IP address. but the actual search is done by using the IP address of the network address portion may be hundreds or thousands of hosts use the same network address. see the guidance at the IP address of the series: the network address.